Impact of different temperature profiles on simultaneous yeast and bacteria fermentation

Guzzon, Raffaele; Roman, Tomas; Larcher, Roberto

doi:10.1186/s13213-020-01565-w

Annals of Microbiology

Table 3 Profile of free and bounded volatile compounds, determined by GC-MS, of wines obtained by simultaneous fermentation of S. cerevisiae and L. plantarum or O. oeni at different temperature profiles. T1 test: 16/22 °C in 3 days, B. T2 test: 18/24 °C in 3 days, and C. T3 test: 22/32 °C in 5 days. °Differences are statistically significant both in terms of bacteria strain and temperature profile effect (two-way ANOVA test, p = 0.05).^▴Differences are statistically significant in terms of temperature effect (two-way ANOVA test, p = 0.05). *Differences are statistically significant in terms of strain effect (two-way ANOVA test, p = 0.05)

From: Impact of different temperature profiles on simultaneous yeast and bacteria fermentation

LAB	A4	A4	A4	K45H	K45H	K45H	A4	A4	A4	K45H	K45H	K45H
Temp. profile	T1	T2	T3	T1	T2	T3	T1	T2	T3	T1	T2	T3
Grape must	G1 (early harvest)						G2 (late harvest)
Free compound (mg/L)
n-butyl acetate°	0.002	0.004	0.005	0.004	0.002	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.003
n-hexyl acetate	0.069	0.056	0.055	0.086	0.057	0.060	0.053	0.051	0.038	0.055	0.055	0.036
Isobutyl acetate^▴	0.007	0.009	0.014	0.007	0.010	0.015	0.014	0.025	0.032	0.015	0.028	0.024
Isopentyl acetate	0.213	0.216	0.234	0.262	0.200	0.238	0.925	1.072	0.690	0.927	1.152	0.588
Ethyl butyrate	0.072	0.056	0.032	0.086	0.062	0.036	0.207	0.171	0.066	0.221	0.172	0.060
Ethyl hexanoate°^▴*	0.255	0.166	0.077	0.332	0.198	0.088	0.592	0.471	0.141	0.678	0.493	0.151
Ethyl octanoate^▴	0.288	0.187	0.078	0.339	0.194	0.114	0.820	0.702	0.177	0.873	0.676	0.239
Ethyl decanoate^▴	0.106	0.116	0.040	0.131	0.096	0.051	0.204	0.179	0.077	0.256	0.189	0.126
Ethyl dodecanoate	0.006	0.066	0.006	0.006	0.005	0.006	0.024	0.020	0.013	0.036	0.025	0.017
Diethyl-succinate°^▴*	0.014	0.035	0.078	0.010	0.025	0.055	0.033	0.072	0.090	0.028	0.068	0.058
2-phenylethyl acetate*	0.083	0.094	0.101	0.073	0.081	0.099	0.335	0.391	0.244	0.303	0.369	0.217
Ethyl phenyl acetate^▴	0.000	0.000	0.003	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Ethyl lactate°^▴*	21.603	24.278	3.797	16.528	23.206	30.025	11.449	10.732	3.536	6.034	10.447	16.649
1-hexanol	1.162	1.101	1.126	1.182	1.194	1.030	0.377	0.364	0.344	0.373	0.380	0.331
Trans-3-hexen-1ol	0.033	0.033	0.034	0.034	0.035	0.033	0.028	0.030	0.028	0.030	0.031	0.027
cis-3-hexen-1ol	0.019	0.018	0.018	0.020	0.019	0.018	0.026	0.025	0.023	0.027	0.028	0.024
2-phenylethanol^▴	10.085	12.504	20.358	9.626	13.464	16.143	18.593	24.247	20.009	18.107	23.057	17.857
Benzyl alcohol°^▴*	0.183	0.214	0.119	0.353	0.517	0.124	0.081	0.084	0.039	0.132	0.161	0.095
Butanoic acid^▴	0.363	0.504	0.286	0.438	0.406	0.275	0.776	0.710	0.437	0.754	0.648	0.372
Isobutyric acid	0.152	0.245	0.186	0.122	0.151	0.175	0.134	0.175	0.197	0.162	0.161	0.161
Valeric acid	0.037	0.017	0.014	0.013	0.017	0.017	0.015	0.016	0.020	0.012	0.016	0.019
Isovaleric acid	0.108	0.175	0.168	0.111	0.140	0.139	0.186	0.197	0.202	0.181	0.204	0.170
Hexanoic acid^▴	2.449	2.249	1.212	3.234	2.338	1.254	5.586	4.922	1.985	6.363	5.004	2.083
Octanoic acid^▴	1.875	1.395	1.008	2.437	1.593	0.976	4.701	4.682	2.137	5.482	4.783	2.334
Nonanoic acid	0.142	0.026	0.014	0.005	0.007	0.008	0.005	0.005	0.003	0.007	0.004	0.009
Decanoic acid^▴	1.451	0.811	0.891	1.652	1.314	0.824	2.662	2.772	1.616	3.436	2.999	1.953
Linalol oxide A^▴	0.001	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.007	0.006	0.007	0.005	0.006	0.007
Linalol oxide B^▴	0.001	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.004	0.004	0.005	0.004	0.004	0.004
Linalool^▴	0.002	0.003	0.004	0.001	0.003	0.005	0.000	0.002	0.003	0.003	0.002	0.002
Geranic acid	0.240	0.045	0.027	0.004	0.006	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Methyl salycilate*	0.005	0.002	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000
Benzaldehyde	0.008	0.007	0.004	0.034	0.012	0.016	0.018	0.016	0.004	0.009	0.021	0.012
Zingerone	0.092	0.011	0.007	0.003	0.003	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.002	0.002	0.000
Guaiacol	0.008	0.002	0.002	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002
3-methylthio-1-propanol^▴*	0.304	0.378	0.509	0.284	0.384	0.483	0.288	0.352	0.542	0.228	0.331	0.304
Benzothiazole^▴	0.005	0.003	0.005	0.002	0.003	0.005	0.002	0.003	0.005	0.002	0.003	0.007
Methyl antranilate*	0.015	0.004	0.003	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Ethyl antranilate*	0.019	0.005	0.004	0.001	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Bound compound (mg/L)
1-hexanol°^▴	0.025	0.025	0.038	0.031	0.030	0.031	0.056	0.051	0.054	0.052	0.052	0.052
trans-3-hexen-1ol	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002
cis-3-hexen-1ol°^▴	0.004	0.004	0.006	0.004	0.005	0.004	0.018	0.016	0.018	0.018	0.016	0.017
2-phenylethanol°^▴	0.123	0.131	0.183	0.136	0.144	0.176	0.392	0.366	0.383	0.326	0.363	0.343
Benzyl alcohol^▴	1.219	1.382	1.798	1.447	1.518	2.052	2.166	1.763	1.695	1.779	1.944	1.942
Linalol oxide A^▴	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.003	0.004	0.004	0.004	0.004	0.004
Linalol oxide B^▴	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.001
Nerol	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002
Geraniol	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003
Geranic acid	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.005	0.000	0.004	0.000	0.004	0.003	0.004	0.004
Benzaldehyde	0.013	0.015	0.012	0.012	0.016	0.012	0.017	0.013	0.010	0.014	0.012	0.013
Methyl salycilate	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.004	0.005	0.006	0.005	0.006	0.006
Zingerone	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.001	0.004	0.003	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.000	0.001	0.002

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