Fig. 1
From: Role of protein repair enzymes in oxidative stress survival and virulence of Salmonella
Antioxidant defenses of Salmonella: Phagocytes produce an array of ROS/RNS which exert microbicidal effect by damaging macromolecules. Salmonella handles ROS/RNS in three ways. First, by injecting SPI2 effectors into the host phagosome, Salmonella inhibits NADPH oxidase assembly thus interfere with the O2− production. Second, various primary antioxidants of Salmonella directly inactivate ROS/RNS. Third, DNA and protein repair enzymes restore the functions of damaged DNA, and proteins