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Table 1 Degradation (%)of Methyl Red and Orange II by 79 bacterial isolatesa

From: Phylogenetically diverse bacteria isolated from tattoo inks, an azo dye-rich environment, decolorize a wide range of azo dyes

Isolate #

Identity based on 16S rRNA

BLAST on NCBI 16S RefSeq database

Methyl Redb

Orange IIb

Type strain (Sequence ID)

% Identity

1 h

8 h

24 h

1 h

8 h

24 h

1

Paenalcaligenes suwonensis

P. suwonensis ABC02-12 (NR_133804.1)

99.23

20 ± 3

96 ± 4

100 ± 0

5 ± 3

18 ± 5

92 ± 8

4

Bacillus acidiceler

B. acidiceler CBD 119 (NR_043774.1)

99.67

99 ± 1

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

9 ± 1

25 ± 4

43 ± 3

5

Bacillus velezensis

B. velezensis FZB42 ( NR_075005.2)

99.64

74 ± 10

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

8 ± 2

12 ± 1

25 ± 2

6

Bacillus velezensis

B. velezensis FZB42 ( NR_075005.2)

99.74

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

2 ± 1

8 ± 4

24 ± 2

7

Bacillus haikouensis

B. haikouensis C-89 ( NR_148273.1)

99.39

62 ± 13

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

7 ± 2

13 ± 2

62 ± 5

8

Bacillus marisflavi

B. marisflavi TF-11 (NR_025240.1)

99.73

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

5 ± 1

13 ± 1

38 ± 3

9

Bacillus drentensis

B. drentensis IDA1967 (NR_029002.1)

99.65

30 ± 1

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

7 ± 1

56 ± 10

69 ± 6

10

Bacillus aryabhattai

B. aryabhattai B8W22 (NR_115953.1)

99.87

89 ± 11

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

4 ± 1

24 ± 6

90 ± 10

11

Bacillus aryabhattai

B. aryabhattai B8W22 (NR_115953.1)

99.80

24 ± 5

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

10 ± 1

26 ± 4

81 ± 11

12

Bacillus oryzisoli

B. oryzisoli 1DS3-10 (NR_151979.1)

98.88

89 ± 2

98 ± 2

97 ± 3

7 ± 1

8 ± 2

26 ± 5

13

Bacillus cereus

B. cereus CCM 2010 ( NR_115714.1)

99.74

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

7 ± 4

42 ± 3

92 ± 8

14

Bacillus cereus

B. cereus CCM 2010 ( NR_115714.1)

99.01

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

47 ± 5

75 ± 4

75 ± 4

15

Bacillus chungangensis

B. chungangensis CAU 348 (NR_116709.1)

99.32

15 ± 5

93 ± 8

100 ± 0

9 ± 2

9 ± 2

22 ± 1

16

Bacillus cohnii

B. cohnii DSM 6307 (NR_026138.1)

99.67

48 ± 5

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

11 ± 1

13 ± 2

35 ± 4

17

Bacillus cohnii

B. cohnii DSM 6307 (NR_026138.1)

99.40

9 ± 3

41 ± 2

85 ± 4

9 ± 1

10 ± 1

14 ± 1

18

Bacillus cohnii

B. cohnii DSM 6307 (NR_026138.1)

99.60

21 ± 3

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

8 ± 2

13 ± 2

37 ± 7

19

Bacillus cohnii

B. cohnii DSM 6307 (NR_026138.1)

99.67

57 ± 12

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

9 ± 3

18 ± 6

81 ± 11

20

Bacillus firmus

B. firmus IAM 12464 (NR_112635.1)

99.13

96 ± 4

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

8 ± 1

10 ± 2

24 ± 3

21

Bacillus depressus

B. depressus BZ1 (NR_146034.1)

99.52

50 ± 6

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

9 ± 1

26 ± 1

100 ± 0

22

Bacillus depressus

B. depressus BZ1 (NR_146034.1)

99.59

18 ± 5

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

7 ± 3

13 ± 1

21 ± 6

23

Bacillus halodurans

B. halodurans DSM 497 (NR_025446.1)

99.87

18 ± 5

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

7 ± 1

11 ± 2

21 ± 1

24

Bacillus horikoshii

B. horikoshii DSM 8719 (NR_040852.1)

99.27

25 ± 5

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

8 ± 0

11 ± 1

53 ± 7

25

Bacillus horneckiae

B. horneckiae 1P01SC (NR_116474.1)

99.34

33 ± 5

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

9 ± 4

11 ± 5

25 ± 11

26

Bacillus horneckiae

B. horneckiae 1P01SC (NR_116474.1)

99.78

40 ± 5

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

3 ± 2

11 ± 1

34 ± 3

27

Bacillus licheniformis

B. licheniformis DSM 13 (NR_118996.1)

99.54

41 ± 4

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

8 ± 6

22 ± 4

51 ± 7

28

Bacillus licheniformis

B. licheniformis DSM 13 (NR_118996.1)

99.54

77 ± 8

99 ± 1

100 ± 0

12 ± 3

20 ± 3

59 ± 4

29

Bacillus litoralis

B. litoralis SW-211 (NR_043015.1)

98.60

44 ± 12

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

12 ± 4

18 ± 8

96 ± 4

30

Bacillus mannanilyticus

B. mannanilyticus AM-001 (NR_040851.1)

96.93

30 ± 6

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

10 ± 0

11 ± 1

25 ± 6

31

Bacillus megaterium

B. megaterium NBRC 15308 (NR_112636.1)

99.86

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

7 ± 2

22 ± 2

92 ± 8

32

Bacillus niacini

B. niacini IFO15566 (NR_024695.1)

98.94

24 ± 10

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

8 ± 1

50 ± 10

98 ± 1

33

Bacillus bataviensis

B. bataviensis IDA1115 (NR_036766.1)

97.32

95 ± 5

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

9 ± 3

59 ± 5

98 ± 2

34

Bacillus acidiceler

B. acidiceler CBD 119 (NR_043774.1)

99.67

42 ± 7

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

7 ± 2

9 ± 2

15 ± 2

35

Bacillus australimaris

B. australimaris MCCC 1A05787 (NR_148787.1)

99.67

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

13 ± 3

10 ± 1

48 ± 3

36

Bacillus xiamenensis

B. xiamenensis MCCC 1A00008 (NR_148244.1)

99.47

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

7 ± 1

12 ± 2

48 ± 1

37

Bacillus xiamenensis

B. xiamenensis MCCC 1A00008 (NR_148244.1)

98.81

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

10 ± 4

12 ± 1

62 ± 1

38

Bacillus xiamenensis

B. xiamenensis MCCC 1A00008 (NR_148244.1)

99.74

96 ± 4

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

10 ± 1

16 ± 2

63 ± 2

39

Bacillus simplex

B. simplex NBRC 15720 ( NR_042136.1)

99.34

72 ± 8

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

18 ± 2

74 ± 7

74 ± 7

40

Bacillus subtilis

B. subtilis IAM 12118 (NR_112116.2)

99.60

97 ± 3

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

11 ± 0

11 ± 3

20 ± 3

41

Bacillus subtilis

B. subtilis IAM 12118 (NR_112116.2)

99.47

89 ± 5

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

8 ± 1

14 ± 1

45 ± 3

42

Bacillus subtilis

B. subtilis IAM 12118 (NR_112116.2)

99.34

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

7 ± 2

8 ± 1

19 ± 3

43

Bacillus thermoamylovorans

B. thermoamylovorans LMG 18084 (NR_117028.1)

99.60

19 ± 5

98 ± 2

99 ± 1

13 ± 3

97 ± 3

98 ± 1

44

Bacillus thuringiensis

B. thuringiensis IAM 12077 (NR_043403.1)

99.87

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

12 ± 0

56 ± 3

95 ± 2

45

Bacillus thuringiensis

B. cereus CCM 2010 ( NR_115714.1)

99.80

96 ± 4

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

4 ± 2

44 ± 9

91 ± 5

46

Barrientosiimonas humi

B. humi 39 (NR_126227.1)

99.80

13 ± 1

18 ± 1

33 ± 2

9 ± 2

9 ± 2

11 ± 2

47

Brachybacterium faecium

B. faecium DSM 4810 (NR_074655.2)

97.78

14 ± 2

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

11 ± 1

13 ± 3

76 ± 12

48

Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum

B. paraconglomeratum LMG 19861 (NR_025502.1)

99.12

14 ± 5

44 ± 8

90 ± 7

7 ± 2

10 ± 2

16 ± 5

49

Brevibacillus formosus

B. formosus DSM 9885 (NR_040979.1)

99.32

36 ± 4

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

10 ± 2

13 ± 1

33 ± 2

50

Brevibacillus laterosporus

B. laterosporus DSM 25 (NR_112212.1)

99.53

82 ± 8

77 ± 0

100 ± 0

9 ± 1

99 ± 1

100 ± 0

51

Brevibacillus parabrevis

B. parabrevis IFO 12334 (NR_040981.1)

99.26

28 ± 10

83 ± 6

100 ± 0

9 ± 1

14 ± 2

71 ± 3

52

Dermacoccus barathri

D. barathri MT2.1 (NR_043261.1)

99.79

14 ± 1

46 ± 4

99 ± 1

9 ± 2

11 ± 1

13 ± 2

53

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

P. aeruginosa DSM 50071 ( NR_117678.1)

99.93

20 ± 5

91 ± 10

99 ± 1

10 ± 5

21 ± 10

94 ± 6

54

Fictibacillus arsenicus

F. phosphorivorans Ca7 (NR_118455)

99.38

24 ± 5

30 ± 3

40 ± 3

13 ± 3

16 ± 2

36 ± 10

55

Fictibacillus phosphorivorans

F. phosphorivorans Ca7 (NR_118455)

99.58

31 ± 9

94 ± 6

96 ± 3

9 ± 1

10 ± 3

29 ± 9

56

Kocuria marina

K. marina KMM 3905 (NR_025723.1)

99.86

9 ± 4

54 ± 8

100 ± 0

7 ± 4

9 ± 2

11 ± 2

57

Lysinibacillus fusiformis

L. fusiformis DSM 2898 (NR_042072.1)

99.93

32 ± 8

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

9 ± 3

11 ± 3

83 ± 4

58

Lysinibacillus fusiformis

L. fusiformis DSM 2898 (NR_042072.1)

99.80

74 ± 11

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

4 ± 1

10 ± 3

82 ± 8

59

Lysinibacillus fusiformis

L. fusiformis DSM 2898 (NR_042072.1)

99.32

29 ± 10

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

8 ± 3

12 ± 2

83 ± 4

60

Lysinibacillus macroides

L. macroides LMG 18474 (NR_114920.1)

99.40

44 ± 7

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

8 ± 3

12 ± 3

80 ± 3

61

Lysinibacillus macroides

L. macroides LMG 18474 (NR_114920.1)

99.33

38 ± 8

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

5 ± 2

8 ± 3

85 ± 2

62

Micrococcus luteus

M. luteus NCTC 2665 ( NR_075062.2)

99.53

8 ± 2

42 ± 7

97 ± 3

6 ± 1

11 ± 3

18 ± 3

63

Micrococcus luteus

M. luteus NCTC 2665 ( NR_075062.2)

98.05

10 ± 2

34 ± 5

89 ± 5

7 ± 1

9 ± 2

17 ± 2

64

Oceanobacillus chironomi

O. chironomi T3944D ( NR_043700.1)

97.14

24 ± 6

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

13 ± 4

87 ± 9

92 ± 8

65

Paenibacillus amylolyticus

P. amylolyticus NRRL NRS-290 (NR_025882.1)

99.27

94 ± 6

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

1 ± 0

17 ± 6

60 ± 2

66

Paenibacillus tundrae

P. tundrae A10b ( NR_044525.1)

99.27

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

4 ± 1

15 ± 4

53 ± 1

67

Paenibacillus tundrae

P. tundrae A10b ( NR_044525.1)

99.67

89 ± 9

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

6 ± 2

12 ± 2

51 ± 9

68

Paenibacillus glucanolyticus

P. glucanolyticus DSM 5162 (NR_040883.1)

99.47

16 ± 1

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

8 ± 2

10 ± 1

46 ± 3

69

Paenibacillus lautus

P. lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882.1)

99.47

96 ± 4

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

6 ± 4

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

70

Paenibacillus lautus

P. lautus JCM 9073 (NR_040882.1)

99.60

19 ± 3

96 ± 4

97 ± 4

10 ± 1

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

71

Providencia vermicola

P. vermicola OP1 ( NR_042415.1)

99.66

44 ± 10

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

7 ± 4

9 ± 2

22 ± 2

72

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

P. aeruginosa DSM 50071 ( NR_117678.1)

99.73

11 ± 2

29 ± 2

100 ± 0

11 ± 2

12 ± 2

97 ± 2

73

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

P. aeruginosa DSM 50071 ( NR_117678.1)

99.87

10 ± 3

41 ± 3

84 ± 7

7 ± 1

11 ± 0

16 ± 5

74

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

P. aeruginosa DSM 50071 ( NR_117678.1)

99.93

7 ± 2

28 ± 6

100 ± 0

7 ± 1

14 ± 4

100 ± 0

75

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

P. aeruginosa DSM 50071 ( NR_117678.1)

99.87

9 ± 3

31 ± 9

100 ± 0

11 ± 1

18 ± 5

100 ± 0

76

Lysinibacillus macroides

L. macroides LMG 18474 (NR_114920.1)

99.33

51 ± 3

100 ± 0

100 ± 0

7 ± 4

13 ± 1

89 ± 3

77

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

P. aeruginosa DSM 50071 ( NR_117678.1)

99.87

6 ± 1

28 ± 6

100 ± 0

4 ± 1

15 ± 3

100 ± 0

78

Psychrobacillus lasiicapitis

P. lasiicapitis NEAU-3TGS17 (NR_159144.1)

98.95

16 ± 2

92 ± 8

100 ± 0

5 ± 2

13 ± 2

82 ± 13

79

Roseomonas mucosa

R. mucosa MDA5527 ( NR_028857.1)

99.72

13 ± 3

38 ± 5

97 ± 2

10 ± 2

9 ± 2

17 ± 3

80

Sporosarcina luteola

S. luteola Y1 ( NR_112844.1)

99.67

11 ± 2

71 ± 7

100 ± 0

5 ± 2

11 ± 3

70 ± 14

81

Sporosarcina soli

S. soli I80 ( NR_043527.1)

99.66

9 ± 1

90 ± 7

100 ± 0

12 ± 1

12 ± 2

27 ± 8

  1. aThe data show the mean of degradation (%) ± SD from repeated triplicated assay using 96-well microphates
  2. b100 μM Orange II and 100 μM Methyl Red were used in the degradation assay, except that 50 μM and 25 μM Methyl Red were used for isolates #4 and #16, respectively and 12.5 μM Methyl Red was used for isolates #12 and #20. Absorbance wavelengths for Methyl Red and Orange II were 430 nm and 475 nm, respectively