Fermentation parameters | Yeast strains | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M. caribbica MJTm3 | M. caribbica SHJF | M. caribbica MJTPm4 | W. anomalus HCJ2F | W. anomalus MJTPm2 | W. anomalus 4M10 | S. cerevisiae TA2 | |
Ethanol concentration (g L−1) | 26.02±0.02a | 17.54±0.01b | 15.21±0.06d | 14.56±0.02d | 15.21±0.04d | 16.76±0.08c | 16.82±0.02c |
Bioethanol yield (%) | 47.27±0.02a | 31.89±0.01b | 27.65±0.06d | 26.47±0.02e | 27.65±0.06d | 30.47±0.08c | 30.58±0.02c |
% of theoretical ethanol | 78.13±0.02a | 52.70±0.02b | 45.70±0.02d | 43.75±0.02e | 45.70±0.02d | 50.56±0.02c | 50.54±0.02c |
Ethanol productivity (g L−1 h−1) | 0.54±0.01a | 0.37±0.00b | 0.32±0.02d | 0.30±0.00e | 0.32±0.00d | 0.35±0.00c | 0.35±0.00c |
Ethanol yield (g g−1) | 0.50±0.00a | 0.34±0.00b | 0.29±0.00d | 0.28±0.03e | 0.29±0.01d | 0.32±0.00c | 0.32±0.02c |
Acetic acid (g..L−1) | 0.67±0.02g | 0.86±0.00e | 1.12±0.06d | 0.68±0.00f | 1.24±0.00b | 1.17±0.00c | 1.30±0.00a |
Acetone (g L−1) | 1.00±0.00g | 2.28±0.01c | 2.48±0.01a | 1.87±0.01f | 2.18±0.00d | 2.03±0.00e | 2.38±0.00b |
Acetaldehyde (g L−1) | 0.77±0.00g | 1.54±0.01f | 1.72±0.00c | 1.66±0.01d | 1.61±0.01e | 1.90±0.02a | 1.87±0.02b |
Glycerol (g L−1) | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Propionic acid (g L−1) | 0.63±0.00g | 1.14±0.01a | 1.06±0.00c | 0.68±0.01f | 0.91±0.01e | 1.08±0.02b | 1.01±0.02d |
Succinic acid (g L−1) | 0.11±0.00g | 0.17±0.00e | 0.22±0.00c | 0.13±0.00f | 0.23±0.01b | 0.21±0.00d | 0.25±0.00a |
n-Butanol (g L−1) | 0.38±0.00g | 0.68±0.01d | 0.54±0.01f | 0.73±0.01b | 0.70±0.00c | 0.65±0.00e | 0.98±0.00a |
1-Butanol (g L−1) | 0.34±0.00g | 0.95±0.01b | 0.79±0.00e | 0.92±0.01c | 0.73±0.01f | 0.86±0.02d | 1.00±0.02a |
Iso-butanol (g L−1) | 0.28±0.00g | 0.34±0.00f | 0.57±0.00a | 0.39±0.00c | 0.37±0.01e | 0.38±0.00d | 0.45±0.00b |
n-Propanol (g L−1) | 0.38±0.00g | 0.47±0.01c | 0.43±0.00d | 0.54±0.01b | 0.39±0.01f | 0.42±0.02e | 0.74±0.02a |
Isopropanol (g L−1) | 0.60±0.00f | 0.41±0.00g | 0.91±0.00b | 1.02±0.00a | 0.76±0.01e | 0.83±0.00d | 0.90±0.00c |
Methanol (g L−1) | 0.89±0.00g | 1.36±0.00e | 1.58±0.00d | 1.12±0.00f | 2.35±0.01a | 2.01±0.00c | 2.22±0.00b |