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Table 4 Sugar consumption and galacturonic acid production during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation in a batch fermentor

From: Ethanol production from Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata) peels via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using crude enzyme produced by Aspergillus oryzae and the thermotolerant Pichia kudriavzevii strain

Time (h)

Glucose (g l-1)

Fructose (g l-1)

Galactose (g l-1)

Arabinose (g l-1)

Sucrose (g l-1)

Xylose (g l-1)

Galacturonic acid (g l-1)

0a

24.87 ± 0.75 a

21.98  ± 0.53 a

1.25  ± 0.12 a

1.48 ± 0.14 a

10.86 ± 0.34 a

0.23 ± 0.03 a

6.56 ± 0.29 a

6

3.33 ± 0.15 b

4.9 ± 0.29 b

1.04 ± 0.09 a

2.56 ± 0.13 a

2.5 ± 0.17 b

0.25 ± 0.05 b

7.12 ± 0.25 b

12

ND

ND

1.14  ± 0.10 a

2.68 ± 0.19 b

ND

0.36 ± 0.06 b

8.25 ± 0.27 c

18

ND

ND

1.04 ± 0.15 a,b

3.25 ± 0.09 b

ND

0.39 ± 0.31 c

9.01 ± 0.52 c,d

24

ND

ND

0.85 ± 0.09 b

3.57 ± 0.16 c

ND

0.48 ± 0.08 d

9.84 ± 0.34 d

Least significant difference (p < 0.05)

0.63

0.50

0.21

0.26

0.30

0..27

0.63

  1. aAfter a 3-h hydrolysis
  2. Data are given as the mean ± SD for n = 3 trials
  3. Mean values followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ significantly