Table 3 PCR detection of aminoglycoside resistance genes among native LAB isolates
Antibiotic | Species | Resistance gene (no. of isolates) |
|---|---|---|
Gentamicin |  | aac(6′)Ie - aph(2″)Ia |
  MIC = ≥1024–≥4096 μg/mL | Enterococcus faecalis | (n = 43) |
E. hirae | (n = 1) | |
E. durans | (n = 3) | |
E. avium | (n = 3) | |
  MIC = ≥128–≥512 μg/mL | Lactobacillus plantarum | (n = 1) |
E. hirae | (n = 6) | |
E. avium | (n = 1) | |
E. durans | (n = 1) | |
E. faecalis | (n = 5) | |
E. cecorum | (n = 1) | |
|  | aac(6′)Ie - aph(2″)Ia | |
  MIC = ≥16–≥32 μg/mL | L. plantarum | (n = 2) |
  MIC = ≥4–≥8 μg/mL | L. plantarum | (n = 3) |
Kanamycin | aac(6′)Ie - aph(2″)Ia | |
  MIC = ≥1024–≥4096 μg/mL | E. faecalis | (n = 48) |
E. hirae | (n = 1) | |
E. avium | (n = 4) | |
E. cecorum | (n = 1) | |
  MIC = ≥128–≥512 μg/mL | E. hirae | (n = 5) |
E. durans | (n = 4) | |
|  | aph(3′)IIIa | |
  MIC = ≥1024–≥4096 μg/mL | E. faecalis | (n = 11) |
E. faecium | (n = 2) | |
E. avium | (n = 4) | |
Pediococcus lolii | (n = 2) | |
  MIC = ≥64–≥128 μg/mL | L. plantarum | (n = 3) |
Streptomycin | aad6 | |
  MIC = ≥1024 μg/mL | E. faecalis | (n = 2) |
E. faecium | (n = 2) | |
  MIC = 64–≥128 μg/mL | L. plantarum | (n = 1) |
Tn 916-1545 | Â | int |
  Integrase | E. faecalis | (n = 2) |
E. cecorum | (n = 1) | |