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Table 2 Incidence of virulence factors and resistance to different antibiotics for Enterococcus spp. isolated from fermented and unfermented food. Values in the same columns with different lower case letters are significantly different

From: Evaluation of the extent of spreading of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in Enterococci isolated from fermented and unfermented foods

 

Fermented foods

Unfermented foods

Total/ %

Species (number of isolates)

E. faecium (20)

E. faecalis (62)

Other spp. (6)

Total/ % 88/ (100 %)

E. faecium (34)

E. faecalis (24)

Other spp. (19)

Total/ % 77/ (100 %)

(165)/ 100 %

Virulence factors*

  Ace

9

49

1

59/ (67 %) a

1

21

1

23/ (29 %) b

82/ (49 %)

  Agg

4

31

2

37/ (42 %) a

0

14

2

16/ (21 %) b

53/ (32 %)

  Ccf

9

52

1

62/ (70 %) a

19

23

2

44/ (57 %) a

106/ (64 %)

  Cpd

6

46

1

53/ (60 %) a

13

21

1

35/ 45 %) a

88/ (53 %)

  efaAm fm

16

8

3

27/ (31 %) b

34

4

3

41/ (53 %) a

68/ (41 %)

  Esp

3

33

0

36/ (41 %) a

0

12

1

13/ (17 %) b

49/ (30 %)

  GelE

11

27

3

41/ (47 %) a

12

19

4

35/ (45 %) a

76/ (36 %)

Antibiotics**

 Am

0

0

0

0/ (0 %)

0

0

0

0/ (0 %)

0/ (0 %)

 C

2

6

0

8/ (9 %) a

0

0

1

1/ (1 %) b

9/ (5 %)

 Cc

10

44

6

60/ (68 %) b

26

20

18

64/ (83 %) a

124/ (75 %)

 Cip

13

3

1

17/ (19 %) b

15

7

8

30/ (39 %) a

43/ (26 %)

 E

9

15

0

24/ (27 %) a

3

10

1

14/ (18 %) a

38/ (23 %)

 N

10

53

5

68/ (77 %) a

21

20

11

52/ (68 %) a

120/ (72 %)

 Ra

5

5

0

10/ (11 %) a

6

1

7

14/ (18 %) a

24/ (15 %)

 P

3

7

1

11/ (13 %) b

21

4

10

35/ (45 %) a

46/ (28 %)

 Te

4

26

5

35/ (40 %) a

11

20

1

32/ (41 %) a

67/ (40 %)

 Va

0

1

0

1/ (1 %) a

0

1

0

1/ (1 %) a

2/ (1 %)

  1. * Virulence factors: ace collagen adhesin, agg aggregation substance, ccf & cpd sex pheromone-encoding genes, efaA fm cell wall adhesins expressed by Enterococcus faecium, esp enterococcal surface protein, gelE gelatinase
  2. ** Antibiotics: Am ampicillin, C chloramphenicol, Cc clindamycin, Cip ciprofloxin, E erythromycin, N neomycin, P penicillin, Ra rifampicin, Te tetracycline, Va vancomycin