Table 1 Agronomic drivers related to diazotrophic communities in rice fields
From: Agronomic and environmental aspects of diazotrophic bacteria in rice fields
Agronomic drivers | Microbial group | Effect | Source of sample | Experimental conditions | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plant genotype | Microbial communities (phospholipid fatty acid analysis) | Differences in soil Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial were observed in transgenic rice rhizosphere when compared with nontransgenic | Clay soil from plow layer rice field | Pot | Wu et al. 2009 |
Populations of endophytic diazotrophs (cultured bacteria characterized by 16S rDNA techniques) | Diversity contrast between wild and modern rice cultivars | Roots of wild and modern rice cultivars | Field | Engelhard et al. 2000 | |
Bacterial communities (16S rRNA—DGGE) | 48.8 % of the bacterial community variability were explained by plant genotype | Roots from rice cultivars | Field | Hardoim et al. 2011 | |
Diazotrophic communities (mRNA-based profiling of nifH gene) | Differences between rice cultivars | Roots from rice cultivars | Pot | Knauth et al. 2005 | |
Herbaspirillum sp. (cultured bacteria) | Greater occurrence of bacterial populations inside wild rice than in cultivated rice | Stems of wild and cultivated rice | Pot | Elbeltagy et al. 2001 | |
Fertilizer input | Diazotrophic bacteria (cultured bacteria) | Nitrogen fertilizer application promoted bacterial abundance | Rhizosphere soil, roots and basal stem samples | Field | Muthukumarasamy et al. 2007 |
Bacterial community (16S rRNA—qPCR, RFLP) | Inorganic fertilizer input did not influence bacterial abundance | Soil | Field | Wu et al. 2011 | |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (cultured bacteria) | Nitrogen fertilizer input promoted bacterial population growth | Soil | Pot | Othman et al. 2013 | |
Endophytic diazotrophs communities (nifH—DGGE) | Bacterial diversity decrease with nitrogen fertilizer input | Roots, stems and leaves | Pot | Prakamhang et al. 2009 | |
Diazotrophic bacteria (nifH—T-RFLP) | Combined nitrogen affected the nifH gene pools | Roots | Pot | Tan et al. 2003 | |
Agrochemicals | Anabaena and Nostoc (cultured bacteria) | Propanil and butachlor impacting cyanobacterial growth and nitrogenase activity | Water-soil, algal cultures | Field, pot | |
Cyanobacterial (cultured bacteria) | Monosulfuron, bispyribac-sodium inhibit cyanobacterial photosynthesis and nitrogenase activities | Water-soil, algal cultures | Field, pot | ||
Microbial community (nifH—DGGE) | Butachlor application altered microbial community | Soil from the upper layer | Field | Chen et al. 2009 | |
Anabaena doliolum (cultured bacteria) | Carbofuran treatment caused growth inhibition (more than 50Â %), reduction of nitrogenase activity (38Â %) | Algal cultures | Pot | Hammouda 1999 |