Table 2 The most frequent diazotrophic bacteria associated to rice fields
From: Agronomic and environmental aspects of diazotrophic bacteria in rice fields
Bacteria | Source of sample | Technique | Experimental conditions | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Anabaena spp., Nostoc spp. | Water, soil, rhizosphere of rice fields | Counting of cyanobacteria | Samples collected from diverse rice agroecological regions and soil types | |
Azoarcus spp. | Rice soil | DNA/RNA—DGGE fingerprinting; nifH—-qPCR | Wet rice field | Mårtensson et al. 2009 |
Azospirillum spp. | Rice shoots and roots | 16S rDNA, morphological and physiological features | Greenhouse, field | Elbeltagy et al. 2001; Jha et al. 2009; Prayitno and Rolfe 2010 |
Azotobacter sp. | Rice rhizosphere | Biochemical characteristics | Field | Torres-Rubio et al. 2000 |
Bacillus spp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Xanthomonas sp. | Surface of rice seeds | 16S rRNA sequences | Wet rice field | Mano et al. 2006 |
Burkholderia spp., Gluconacetobacter spp., Herbaspirillum spp. | Rice roots | Phylogenetic probes and fluorescent in situ hybridization | Field | Jha et al. 2009 |
Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp. | Rice soils | Fatty acid methyl ester characterization | Field | Islam et al. 2012b |
Ochrobactrum spp., Stenotrophomonas spp. | Rice seeds, roots, shoots and soils | 16S rRNA PCR–DGGE | Pot | Hardoim et al. 2012 |
Othman et al. 2013 | ||||
Paenibacillus spp. | Rice leaves, stems and roots | nifH sequence analysis | Wet rice field | Ji et al. 2014 |
Pantoea spp., Pseudomonas spp. | Rice root and rhizospheric soil | 16S rRNA sequencing and fatty acid methyl ester analysis | Field | Spence et al. 2014 |
Rhizobium spp. | Rice roots and rhizospheric soil | Most probable number—16S rRNA analysis | Field | Yanni et al. 1997 |
Serratia spp. | Rice roots and stems | Fragment length polymorphism—16S rRNA sequencing | Wet rice field | Gyaneshwar et al. 2001 |
Sphingomonas spp. | Endophytically in roots and rhizospheric soil of rice | Morphological and physiological features | Field | Prayitno and Rolfe 2010 |
Chung et al. 2011 |