Table 4 Plant-promoting mechanisms and commercial products using nitrogen-fixing bacteria
From: Agronomic and environmental aspects of diazotrophic bacteria in rice fields
Bacteria | Mechanisms of plant benefit | Experiment conditions | Improvements | Reference | Bacteria strain, product name/company |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Azospirillum sp. | Growth-promoting effect | Greenhouse | Increased seed production by 17 % and biomass by 6-12 % | Isawa et al. 2010 | Paddy Azospirillum sp./ManiDharma Biotech Pvt. |
Azospirillum sp., Sardar/Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemical Ltd. | |||||
Azospirillum sp. Azogreen/Omega Ecotech Products Ltd. | |||||
Azospirillum brasilense and Azospirillum lipoferum, Bio-N/ BioTech UPLB | |||||
Bacillus spp. | Decreases phytopathogen growth | Greenhouse | Promoted plant growth and induced resistance to bacterial leaf blight disease | Chithrashree et al. 2011 | |
Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas sp. | No conclusive data on mechanisms | Pot/Field | Increased shoot length by up to 60 %, shoot dry weight by up to 33 % and grain yield by up to 26 % | Jha et al. 2009 | |
Combination of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, Azospirillum lipoferum, and Burkholderia vietnamiensis | IAA secretion | Pot/field | All bacteria together increased rice yield by between 9.5 and 23.6 %; Burkholderia vietnamiensis alone enhanced yield by 5.6–12.16 % | Govindarajan et al. 2008 | Azospirillum lipoferum, Nitrofix™/ AgriLife |
Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii, Rhizobium sp., Bradyrhizobium sp. | Changes growth physiology or root morphology | Pot | Increased rice grain and straw yields by 4–22 %; Rhizobium inoculation increased NPK intake | Biswas et al. 2000a | |
Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii | IAA and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) release | Laboratory | Increased root branching by 64-82 % and shoot nitrogen content of the rice plants by 28 % | Bhattacharjee et al. 2012 |