Table 1 Presence of genes implicated in virulence factors, antibiotic resistance and biogenic amine production in Lactobacillus spp. strains
Gene | Encoded factor | L. fermentum | L. casei | L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus | Reference | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SJRP30 | SJRP37 | SJRP66 | SJRP141 | SJRP145 | SJRP146 | SJRP169 | SJRP50 | SJRP76 | SJRP149 | |||
Virulence | ||||||||||||
  gelE | Gelatinase | –a | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | Vankerckhoven et al. (2004) |
  hyl | Hyaluronidase | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | – | Vankerckhoven et al. (2004) |
  asa1 | Aggregation substance | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | Vankerckhoven et al. (2004) |
  esp | Enterococcal surface protein | – | + | + | + | – | – | + | – | – | – | Vankerckhoven et al. (2004) |
  cylA | Cytolysin | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | Vankerckhoven et al. (2004) |
  efaA | Endocarditis antigen | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | MartÃn-Platero et al. (2009) |
  ace | Adhesion of collagen | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | MartÃn-Platero et al. (2009) |
  fsrA | Gelatinase | – | + | + | + | + | – | + | – | – | – | Lopes et al. (2006) |
  fsrB | Gelatinase | – | + | + | + | – | – | + | – | – | – | Lopes et al. (2006) |
  fsrC | Gelatinase | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | – | Lopes et al. (2006) |
  sprE | Serine protease | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | + | Lopes et al. (2006) |
  ccf | Sex pheromones, chemotactic for human leukocytes; facilitate conjugation | – | + | – | + | + | + | – | + | – | – | Eaton and Gasson (2001) |
  cob | Sex pheromones, chemotactic for human leukocytes; facilitate conjugation | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | + | Eaton and Gasson (2001) |
  cpd | Sex pheromones, chemotactic for human leukocytes; facilitate conjugation | – | + | – | + | – | + | + | + | – | – | Eaton and Gasson (2001) |
Biogenic amine | ||||||||||||
  hdc1 | Histidine decarboxylase | – | + | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | + | de Las Rivas et al. (2005) |
  hdc2 | Histidine decarboxylase | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | de Las Rivas et al. (2005) |
  tdc | Tyrosine decarboxylase | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | – | de Las Rivas et al. (2005) |
  odc | Ornithine decarboxylase | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | de Las Rivas et al. (2005) |
Antibiotic resitance | ||||||||||||
  van A | Vancomycin resistance | – | + | + | + | – | – | + | – | – | – | MartÃn-Platero et al. (2009) |
  van B | Vancomycin resistance | – | + | + | + | – | + | + | – | – | – | MartÃn-Platero et al. (2009) |
  vanC1 | Vancomycin resistance | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | + | + | + | Dutka-Malen et al. (1995) |
  vanC-2,vanC-3 | Vancomycin resistance | + | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | Dutka-Malen et al. (1995) |
  vanC1 | Vancomycin resistance | + | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | Miele et al. (1995) |
  tet(M) | Tetracycline resistance | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | Aarestrup et al. (2000b) |
  tet(L) | Tetracycline resistance | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | + | + | – | Aarestrup et al. (2000b) |
  tet(K) | Tetracycline resistance | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | + | Aarestrup et al. (2000b) |
  tet(O) | Tetracycline resistance | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | Aarestrup et al. (2000b) |
  tet(S) | Tetracycline | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Aarestrup et al. (2000a) |
  bcr(B) | Bacitracin resistance | – | – | + | – | + | + | + | – | – | – | Manson et al. (2004) |
  bcr(D) | Bacitracin resistance | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Manson et al. (2004) |
  bcr(R) | Bacitracin resistance | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | Manson et al. (2004) |
  erm(A) | Erythromycin resistance | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Sutcliffe et al. (1996) |
  erm(B) | Erythromycin resistance | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Sutcliffe et al. (1996) |
  erm(C) | Erythromycin resistance | – | + | – | + | + | + | + | – | + | – | Sutcliffe et al. (1996) |
  erm(B) | Erythromycin resistance | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Gevers et al. (2003) |
  ant(4′)-Ia | Aminoglycoside resistance | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | – | – | – | Fortina et al. (2008) |
  aph(3′)-III-a | Aminoglycoside resistance | – | + | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | + | Fortina et al. (2008) |
  aph(2″)-Ib | Aminoglycoside resistance | + | + | – | + | + | + | – | – | – | – | Fortina et al. (2008) |
  aph(2″)-Ic | Aminoglycoside resistance | – | + | + | + | + | – | + | – | – | – | Fortina et al. (2008) |
  aph(2″)-Id | Aminoglycoside resistance | – | – | – | + | + | – | – | + | + | + | Fortina et al. (2008) |
  aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia | Aminoglycoside resistance | + | + | + | – | + | – | – | + | – | + | Fortina et al. (2008) |
  aac(6′)-Ii | Aminoglycoside resistance | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | + | – | Costa et al. (1993) |
  catA(PIP501) | Chloramphenicol resistance | – | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Aarestrup et al. (2000a) |
  int-Tn | Tetracycline resistance | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | Fortina et al. (2008) |
  int | Transposon integrase gene | + | + | + | + | – | + | – | + | + | + | Gevers et al. (2003) |