Soil and entomopathogenic fungi with potential for biodegradation of insecticides: degradation of flubendiamide in vivo by fungi and in vitro by laccase

Table 3 Growth inhibition of selected fungi isolated from soil and insect larva that were cultivated on PDA medium containing several concentrations of the commercial insecticide Belt®. Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 was used as a reference

Growth inhibition (%)*
Fungal isolates	Concentration of Belt® (g/L)
Fungal isolates	1.22	4.88	19.52	39.04
JUSOL042	00.00 ± 0.00^aC	00.00 ± 0.00^aD	04.43 ± 1.16^aD	08.06 ± 2.29^aE
JUSOL028	00.00 ± 0.00^bC	13.26 ± 3.48^aC	15.48 ± 5.81^aC	17.07 ± 1.73^aD
Trichoderma koningiopsis JUSOLCL039	00.00 ± 0.00^aC	00.00 ± 0.00^aD	01.85 ± 0.13^aD	05.42 ± 1.66^aE
JUSOLCL043	00.00 ± 0.00^aC	01.19 ± 1 + 19^aD	02.91 ± 2.17^aD	06.22 ± 0.80^aE
Neurospora sp. JUANT070	00.00 ± 0.00^aC	00.00 ± 0.00^aD	00.00 ± 0.00^aD	00.00 ± 0.00^aE
JUSOL003	00.00 ± 0.00^bC	05.44 ± 3.46^bD	14.28 ± 1.21^aC	18.65 ± 4.20^aD
JUSOLCL054	04.16 ± 2.25^bC	08.50 ± 0.66^bC	14.43 ± 2.00^aC	15.78 ± 1.42^aD
JUSOLCL005	07.32 ± 2.44^bC	12.56 ± 2.26^bC	33.47 ± 7.70^aB	36.24 ± 0.93^aC
JUANT001	14.11 ± 1.47^bB	17.68 ± 2.55^bB	29.04 ± 3.18^aB	35.98 ± 2.05^aC
JUSOLTH039	17.17 ± 0.14^cB	23.27 ± 1.41^cB	35.87 ± 4.08^bB	50.83 ± 2.88^aB
JUSOLTH034	18.94 ± 2.21^bB	22.98 ± 1.87^bB	27.99 ± 4.92^bB	38.72 ± 1.39^aC
JUSOLCL049	29.16 ± 8.12^dA	46.89 ± 6.39^cA	61.13 ± 7.98^bA	75.20 ± 5.42^aA
Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05	01.72 ± 0.93^cC	08.07 ± 1.32^cC	31.22 ± 3.77^bB	43.39 ± 1.34^aB

*Mean ± SEM followed by the same letter do not differ statistically from one another, lower case in the row and upper case in the column, according to the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Growth inhibition was estimated from measurements of the colony radii (cm) of the growing fungal colonies on the agar plates compared with control cultures containing no insecticides

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