Table 2 The substrate binding pocket, substrate Mg²⁺ binding site, active lid-residues, catalytic residues, and aspartate-rich regions of the phytoene synthases from Meiothermus taiwanensis strain RP, M. ruber, M. silvanus, Thermus thermophilus, Deinococcus radiodurans, Gelidibacter algens, Brassica napus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Cyanobacterium aponinum. The residues which are different from strain RP are written in boldface

Meiothermus taiwanensis strain RP

Ala(17), Phe (19), Tyr (38), Arg(42), Asp(45), Asp (49), Tyr(120), Ala (125), Gly (129), Gly (150), Met (153), Arg (160), Asp (161), Glu (164), Asp (165), Arg (170), Gly (227), Ala (228)

Asp (45), Asp (46), Ala (47), Val (48), Asp (49), Asp (161), Val (162), Gly (163), Glu (164), Asp (165)

His (15), Ser (16), Ala (17), Thr (18) , Phe (19), Arg (254), Ala (255), Ser (256), Leu (257)

Phe (19), Tyr (38), Asp (45), Asp (49), Tyr (120), Val (128), Ile (132), Met (153), Arg (160), Asp (161), Asp (165), Arg (170), Gly (227), Ala (228), Ala (232)

Asp (45), Asp (46), Ala (47), Val (48), Asp (49), Asp (161), Val (162), Gly (163), Glu (164), Asp (165)

Meiothermus ruber

Ala(19), Phe (21), Tyr (40), Arg(44), Asp(47), Asp (51), Tyr(122), Ala (127), Gly (131), Gly (152), Met (155), Arg (162), Asp (163), Glu (166), Asp (167), Arg (172), Gly (229), Ala (230)

Asp (47), Asp (48), Ala (49), Val (50), Asp (51), Asp (163), Val (164), Gly (165), Glu (166), Asp (167)

His (17), Ser (18), Ala (19), Thr (20) , Phe (21), Arg (256), Ala (257), Ser (258), Leu (259)

Phe (21), Tyr (40), Asp (47), Asp (51), Tyr (123), Val (131), Ile (134), Met (155), Arg (162), Asp (163), Asp (167), Arg (172), Gly (229), Ala (230), Ala (234)

Asp (47), Asp (48), Ala (49), Val (50), Asp (51), Asp (163), Val (164), Gly (165), Glu (166), Asp (167)

Meiothermus silvanus

Ala(17), Phe (19), Tyr (38), Arg(42), Asp(45), Asp (49), Tyr(120), Ala (125), Gly (129), Gly (153), Met (156), Arg (163), Asp (164), Glu (167), Asp (168), Arg (173), Ala(230), Ala (231)

Asp (45), Asp (46), Ala (47), Val (48), Asp (49), Asp (164), Val (165), Gly (166), Glu (167), Asp (168)

His (15), Ser (16), Ala (17), Thr (18) , Phe (19), Arg (257), Ala (258), Ser (259), Leu (260)

Phe (19), Tyr (38), Asp (45), Asp (49), Tyr (120), Val (128), Ile (132), Met (156), Arg (163), Asp (164), Asp (168), Arg (173), Ala (230), Ala (231), Ala (235)

Asp (45), Asp (46), Ala (47), Val (48), Asp (49), Asp (164), Val (165), Gly (166), Glu (167), Asp (168)

Thermus thermophilus

Ala(17), Phe (19), Tyr (38), Arg(42), Asp(45), Asp (49), Tyr(120), Ala (125), Gly (129), Gly (150), Leu (153), Arg (160), Asp (161), Glu (164), Asp (165), Arg (170), Ala(227), Ala (228)

Asp (45), Glu (46), Ala (47), Val (48), Asp (49), Asp (161), Val (162), Gly (163), Glu (164), Asp (165)

His (15), Ser (16), Ala (17), Thr (18) , Phe (19), Arg (254), Ala (255), His(256), Leu (257)

Phe (19), Tyr (38), Asp (45), Asp (49), Tyr (120), Val (128), Met (132), Leu (153), Arg (160), Asp (161), Asp (165), Arg (170), Ala (227), Ala (228), Ala (232)

Asp (45), Glu(46), Ala (47), Val (48), Asp (49), Asp (161), Val (162), Gly (163), Glu (164), Asp (165)

Deinococcus radiodurans

Lys (51), Phe (53), Tyr (72), Arg(76), Asp(79), Asp(83), Tyr(157), Ala (162), Gly (166), Gly (189), Met (192), Arg (199), Asp (200), Glu (203), Asp (204), Arg (209), Leu (271), Ala (272)

Asp (79), Asp (80), Ile (81), Val (82), Asp (83), Asp (200), Val (201), Gly (202), Glu (203), Asp (204)

His (49), Ser (50), Lys (51), Thr (52) , Phe (53), Arg (298), Ala (299), Tyr (300), Val (301)

Phe (53), Tyr (72), Asp (79), Asp (83), Tyr (157), Val (165), Val (169), Met (192), Arg (199), Asp (200), Asp (204), Arg (209), Lys (271), Ala (272), Ala (276)

Asp (79), Asp (80), Ile (81), Val (82), Asp (83), Asp (200), Val (201), Gly (202), Glu (203), Asp (204)

Gelidibacter algens

Thr (22), Phe (24), Tyr (43), Arg(47), Asp(50), Asp (54), Tyr(128), Ala (133), Gly (137), Gly (163), Phe (166), Arg (173), Asp (174), Ala (177), Asp (178), Arg (184), Phe (227), Gly (228)

Asp (50), Glu (51), Ile (52), Val (53), Asp (54), Asp (174), Leu (175), Lys (176), Ala (177), Asp (178)

Tyr (20), Ser (21), Thr (22), Ser (23) , Phe (24), Arg (255), Ile (256), Arg (257), Val (258)

Phe (24), Tyr (43), Asp (50), Asp (54), Tyr (128), Val (136), Cys (140), Phe (166), Arg (173), Asp (174), Asp (178), Arg (184), Phe(227), Gly (228), Ala (232)

Asp (50), Glu (51), Ile (52), Val (53), Asp (54), Asp (174), Leu (175), Lys (176), Ala (177), Asp (178)

Staphylococcus aureus

Lys(20), Phe (22), Tyr (41), Arg(45), Asp(48), Asp (52), Tyr(129), Ala (134), Gly (138), Gly (161), Lys(164), Arg (171), Asp (172), Glu (175), Asp (176), Arg (181), Pro (239), Ile (240)

Asp (48), Asp (49), Ser (50), Ile (51), Asp (52), Asp (172), Val (173), Gly (174), Glu (175, Asp (176)

His (18), Ser (19), Lys (20), Ser (21) , Phe (22), Arg (265), Val (266), Phe (267),Val(268)

Phe (22), Tyr (41), Asp (48), Asp (52), Tyr (129), Val (137), Leu (141), Leu (164), Arg (170), Asp (171), Asp (175), Arg (181), Pro (239), Ile(240), Ala (244)

Asp (48), Asp (49), Ser (50), Ile (51), Asp (52), Asp (172), Val (173), Gly (174), Glu (175, Asp (176)

Cyanobacterium aponinum

Lys(33), Phe (35), Tyr (54), Arg(58), Asp(61), Asp (65), Tyr(139), Ala (144), Gly (148), Gly (182), Asn (185), Arg (192), Asp (193), Glu (196), Asp (197), Arg (202), Trp (260), Pro (261)

Asp (61), Glu (62), Leu (63), Val (64), Asp (65), Asp (193), Val (194), Gly (195), Glu (196), Asp (197)

Tyr(31), Ser (32), Lys (33), Thr(34) , Phe (35), Arg (287), Ala(288), Phe (289),Val(290)

Phe (35), Tyr (54), Asp (61), Asp (65), Tyr (139), Val (147), Ser(151), Asn(185), Arg (192), Asp (193), Asp (197), Arg (202), Gly (227), Trp (260), Pro (261)

Asp (61), Glu (62), Leu (63), Val (64), Asp (65), Asp (193), Val (194), Gly (195), Glu (196), Asp (197)

Brassica napus

Lys(148), Phe (150), Tyr (169), Arg(173), Asp(176), Asp (180), Tyr(254), Ala (259), Gly (263), Gly (291), Asn (294), Arg (301), Asp (302), Glu (305), Asp (306, Arg (311), Trp(369), Pro (370)

Asp (176), Glu (177), Leu (178), Val (179), Asp (180), Asp (302), Val (303), Gly (304), Glu (305), Asp (306)

Tyr(146), Ala (147), Lys (148), Thr (149) , Phe (150), Arg (396), Ala (397), Tyr (398), Val (399)

Phe (150), Tyr (169), Asp (176), Asp (180), Tyr (254), Val (262), Ser (266), Asn (294), Arg (301), Asp (302), Asp (306), Arg (311), Trp (369), Pro (370), Ser (374)

Asp (176), Glu (177), Leu (178), Val (179), Asp (180), Asp (302), Val (303), Gly (304), Glu (305), Asp (306)