a–c Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the effect of soil environmental variables on the composition of bacterial classes in bulk soil (a), the rhizosphere (b), and roots (c). d–f RDA of the effect of soil environmental variables on the composition of fungal classes in bulk soil (d), the rhizosphere (e), and roots (f). Black points represent the 30 most abundant bacterial and fungal taxa. Red arrows indicate soil significant variables. a–c Legend: Ac, Acidobacteria; Aci, Acidimicrobiia; Act, Actinobacteria; Ap, Alphaproteobacteria; B, k_Bacteria; Ba, Bacilli; Bl, Blastocatellia; Bp, Betaproteobacteria; Ca, Candidatus Azambacteria; Ch, Chlamydiae; Cl, Clostridia; Cy, Cytophagia; Dp, Deltaproteobacteria; Fl, Flavobacteria; Ge, Gemmatimonadetes; Gp, Gammaproteobacteria; JG, JG37.AG.4; KD, KD4.96; Kt, Ktedonobacterales; Me, Melainobacteria; O35, OPB35 soil group; Pa, Parcubacteria; Ph, Phycisphaerae; Pl, Planctomycetacia; Pr, Proteobacteria; S2, Acidobacteriaceae_Subgroup 2; S6, Acidobacteriaceae_Subgroup 6; Sa, Saccharibacteria; So, Solibacter; Sp, Spartobacteria; Sp, Sphingobacteriia; TM6, TM6; and Th, Thermophilia. d–f Legend: Ab, Agaricostilbomycetes; Ag, Agaricales; Aga, Agaricomycetes; Am, Arthoniomycetes; Ar, Archaeorhizomycetes; As, Ascomycota; Ba, Basidiomycota; Bl, Blastocladiomycetes; Ch, Chytridiomycetes; Cm, p_Chytridiomycota; Cy, Cystobasidiomycetes; Da, Dacrymycetes; Do, Dothideomycetes; Eu, Eurotiomycetes; Ex, Exobasidiomycetes; F, k_Fungi; Gl, Glomeromycetes; Is, Incertea sedis; Le, Lecanoromycetes; Leo, Leotiomycetes; Mi, Microbotryomycetes; Mo, Monoblepharidomycetes; Or, Orbiliomycetes; Pe, Pezizomycetes; Pu, Pucciniomycetes; Sa, Saccharomycetes; Sc, Schizosaccharomycetes; So, Sordariomycetes; Ta, Taphrinomycetes; Tr, Tremellomycetes; Us, Ustilaginomycetes; and Wa, Wallemiomycetes