Table 1 Microbial dynamics (mean ± SD) during fermentation of selected Ethiopian traditional fermented beverages

Borde

0

6.42 ± 0.10^a

5.44 ± 0.08^a

5.40 ± 0.11^a

3.35 ± 0.07^a

4.45 ± 0.06^a

4.75 ± 0.04^d

4.12 ± 0.16^c

6

6.15 ± 0.05^b

5.29 ± 0.06^a

4.17 ± 0.07^b

2.60 ± 0.11^b

4.26 ± 0.04^a

5.34 ± 0.01^c

4.45 ± 0.30^c

12

5.20 ± 0.02^c

4.87 ± 0.01^b

3.85 ± 0.09^c

< 2

4.04 ± 0.06^b

5.55 ± 0.14^c

5.22 ± 0.09^b

18

5.10 ± 0.01^c

4.15 ± 0.05^c

< 2

< 2

3.98 ± 0.05^bc

6.09 ± 0.04^b

5.86 ± 0.06^b

24

4.99 ± 0.06^c

3.85 ± 0.09^d

< 2

< 2

3.77 ± 0.11^c

7.33 ± 0.07^a

6.91 ± 0.04^a

Grawa

0

5.06 ± 0.02^c

4.91 ± 0.06^a

4.29 ± 0.06^c

4.13 ± 0.03^a

3.89 ± 0.06^b

4.63 ± 0.03^e

4.73 ± 0.02^e

12

6.30 ± 0.12^a

5.14 ± 0.01^a

5.16 ± 0.04^a

4.11 ± 0.03^a

4.56 ± 0.14^a

5.70 ± 0.02^d

5.40 ± 0.08^d

24

6.41 ± 0.04^a

5.08 ± 0.09^a

4.73 ± 0.06^b

4.08 ± 0.06^a

4.51 ± 0.01^a

6.26 ± 0.09^c

6.06 ± 0.08^c

36

5.54 ± 0.05^b

4.37 ± 0.04^b

3.61 ± 0.08^d

3.03 ± 0.02^b

4.49 ± 0.01^a

6.49 ± 0.03^b

6.39 ± 0.06^bc

48

4.73 ± 0.14^d

3.95 ± 0.14^c

2.80 ± 0.02^e

2.21 ± 0.13^c

3.39 ± 0.08^c

6.45 ± 0.01b^c

6.67 ± 0.16^b

60

3.82 ± 0.05^e

3.62 ± 0.07^d

< 2

< 2

3.06 ± 0.08^d

7.46 ± 0.09^a

7.71 ± 0.09^a

72

3.39 ± 0.02^f

2.77 ± 0.01^e

< 2

< 2

2.58 ± 0.03^e

7.64 ± 0.04^a

7.88 ± 0.02^a

Tej

0

5.37 ± 0.04^c

3.90 ± 0.02^d

4.34 ± 0.07^c

3.23 ± 0.02^c

4.13 ± 0.02^c

4.01 ± 0.03^k

4.16 ± 0.04ⁱ

12

5.94 ± 0.04^b

4.73 ± 0.01^b

4.70 ± 0.06^b

3.55 ± 0.01^a

4.25 ± 0.01^bc

4.83 ± 0.06^j

4.97 ± 0.04^h

24

6.58 ± 0.02^a

5.63 ± 0.11^a

5.17 ± 0.07^a

3.51 ± 0.08^ab

5.42 ± 0.01^a

5.53 ± 0.13ⁱ

5.39 ± 0.07^g

36

6.62 ± 0.01^a

4.41 ± 0.03^c

4.26 ± 0.04^c

3.38 ± 0.07^b

4.36 ± 0.03^b

5.94 ± 0.03^h

6.62 ± 0.07^f

48

6.36 ± 0.16^a

4.31 ± 0.02^c

3.82 ± 0.06^d

3.15 ± 0.04^c

4.17 ± 0.10^c

6.60 ± 0.08^g

6.77 ± 0.01^f

60

5.41 ± 0.09^c

4.05 ± 0.08^d

3.28 ± 0.08^e

2.83 ± 0.03^d

3.83 ± 0.06^d

6.65 ± 0.04^g

6.84 ± 0.06^f

72

5.29 ± 0.08^c

3.93 ± 0.02^d

3.13 ± 0.01^ef

< 2

3.21 ± 0.01^e

7.10 ± 0.03^f

7.40 ± 0.05^e

84

4.60 ± 0.10^d

3.22 ± 0.02^e

3.01 ± 0.04^f

< 2

3.14 ± 0.01^e

7.51 ± 0.07^e

7.53 ± 0.04^e

96

4.28 ± 0.21^d

2.77 ± 0.01^f

2.55 ± 0.17^g

< 2

2.83 ± 0.05^f

7.84 ± 0.07^d

8.43 ± 0.06^d

108

3.64 ± 0.04^e

2.55 ± 0.01^g

< 2

< 2

2.69 ± 0.07^fg

8.15 ± 0.06^c

8.61 ± 0.07^cd

120

3.52 ± 0.04^e

2.34 ± 0.02^h

< 2

< 2

2.51 ± 0.07^gh

8.41 ± 0.08^bc

8.76 ± 0.11^c

132

3.45 ± 0.03^e

2.13 ± 0.01ⁱ

< 2

< 2

2.34 ± 0.01^hi

8.62 ± 0.08^ab

9.01 ± 0.04^b

144

3.42 ± 0.01^e

2.07 ± 0.06ⁱ

< 2

< 2

2.22 ± 0.02ⁱ

8.88 ± 0.01^a

9.41 ± 0.06^a