Fig. 3

Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in mouse serum samples collected 3 h after the last gavage, as determined through ELISA measurements. Red symbols (+) indicate the mean. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei DG cells were administered to mice by gavage once a day for 1 week. Sample groups (from I to VI) are according to Fig. 2. − not administered; + administered. SD, single-dose administration of vitamin D3; D1W, daily administration of vitamin D3 for 1 week. Statistically significant differences were determined through unpaired t test with Welch’s correction (n=3) performed after the Levene’s test, which evidenced that the variance between groups was different (Levene’s P= 0.021). ****P<0.0001; ***P<0.001; **P<0.01