Fig. 7

Effect of initial acetate addition to P. vulgatus shake flask cultivations in duplicates. Medium = DMMG, c_Glucose = 6 g L⁻¹, c_buffer = 50 mM MOPS, T = 37 °C, n = 100 rpm, V_L = 50 mL, initial OD = 0.40, initial pH after inoculation = 7.20, vvm = 0.2 min⁻¹, gas mix = 1% CO₂ and 99% N₂. Online data of a total gas transfer rate (TGTR) and b carbon dioxide transfer rate (CTR), shadows indicate maximum and minimum values of duplicates (error bars). Offline data of c produced organic acids including propionate, succinate, acetate and lactate, and remaining glucose; d initial osmolality, final OD_600nm, and final pH as mean values of biological duplicates. Samples to measure initial osmolality were drawn immediately after inoculation. Samples to measure final OD_600nm, final pH, and HPLC analysis were drawn immediately after termination of the experiment, indicated by the last online data point in a and b. e Molar carbon balance in % of the initial carbon, calculated with Eqs. 3-5. Initial values include acids from preculture. The corresponding molar carbon balance in mmol_C L.⁻¹ can be found in Supplementary Fig. S5