Table 2 Dynamics of the fermentation of the two yeast monocultures in a laboratory setting using30 obrix, pH 4.6, and 30 °C
Yeast strains | Fermentation time (h) | Ethanol yield (g.g−1) | RS (g.L−1) | Sugar consumption (%) | Sugar consumption rate (g.L−1.h−1) | Fermentation efficiency (%) | Degree brix (w.v−1) | pH | Cell viability (× 106 cells. mL−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. cerevisiae TA2 | 0 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 53.45 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.03 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 30 ± 0.00 | 4.60 ± 0.00 | 206.00 ± 0.00 |
6 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 49.85 ± 0.00 | 6.74 ± 0.06 | 0.60 ± 0.00 | 1.62 ± 0.06 | 29.59 ± 0.04 | 4.85 ± 0.00 | 196.00 ± 0.03 | |
12 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 38.54 ± 0.01 | 27.90 ± 0.02 | 1.24 ± 0.02 | 7.00 ± 0.03 | 27.44 ± 0.01 | 4.74 ± 0.00 | 188.67 ± 0.03 | |
18 | 0.16 ± 0.00 | 8.03 ± 0.01 | 84.98 ± 0.01 | 2.52 ± 0.03 | 32.32 ± 0.09 | 16.65 ± 0.00 | 4.65 ± 0.00 | 181.33 ± 0.06 | |
24 | 0.20 ± 0.00 | 7.66 ± 0.00 | 85.67 ± 0.01 | 1.91 ± 0.00 | 40.86 ± 0.00 | 14.23 ± 0.00 | 3.92 ± 0.00 | 175.00 ± 0.02 | |
30 | 0.24 ± 0.00 | 7.04 ± 0.00 | 86.83 ± 0.03 | 1.55 ± 0.01 | 47.00 ± 0.00 | 14.05 ± 0.02 | 3.94 ± 0.00 | 158.00 ± 0.02 | |
36 | 0.25 ± 0.00 | 6.98 ± 0.00 | 86.94 ± 0.00 | 1.29 ± 0.00 | 50.46 ± 0.15 | 14.01 ± 0.00 | 3.94 ± 0.00 | 153.67 ± 0.00 | |
42 | 0.28 ± 0.00 | 5.49 ± 0.05 | 89.73 ± 0.04 | 1.14 ± 0.06 | 55.64 ± 0.03 | 13.44 ± 0.00 | 3.94 ± 0.00 | 148.00 ± 0.03 | |
48 | 0.33 ± 0.00 | 2.56 ± 0.00 | 95.21 ± 0.00 | 1.06 ± 0.05 | 66.22 ± 0.19 | 12.33 ± 0.01 | 3.95 ± 0.00 | 135.00 ± 0.01 | |
54 | 0.32 ± 0.00 | 2.56 ± 0.00 | 95.21 ± 0.00 | 0.94 ± 0.02 | 63.31 ± 0.00 | 11.97 ± 0.00 | 3.95 ± 0.00 | 112.00 ± 0.02 | |
60 | 0.25 ± 0.00 | 2.56 ± 0.00 | 95.21 ± 0.00 | 0.85 ± 0.01 | 50.83 ± 0.00 | 12.02 ± 0.02 | 3.95 ± 0.00 | 101.00 ± 0.00 | |
66 | 0.21 ± 0.00 | 2.56 ± 0.00 | 95.21 ± 0.03 | 0.77 ± 0.02 | 42.73 ± 0.02 | 12.02 ± 0.00 | 3.95 ± 0.00 | 53.33 ± 0.05 | |
72 | 0.19 ± 0.00 | 2.56 ± 0.00 | 95.21 ± 0.00 | 0.71 ± 0.02 | 38.71 ± 0.02 | 12.02 ± 0.00 | 3.95 ± 0.00 | 0.30 ± 0.01 | |
W. anomalus HCJ2F-19 | 0 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 53.45 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 30.00 ± 0.00 | 4.60 ± 0.00 | 212.00 ± 0.02 |
6 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 39.55 ± 0.00 | 26.01 ± 0.02 | 2.32 ± 0.01 | 3.77 ± 0.03 | 28.00 ± 0.01 | 4.75 ± 0.00 | 202.00 ± 0.03 | |
12 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 22.00 ± 0.00 | 58.84 ± 0.03 | 2.62 ± 0.02 | 9.81 ± 0.00 | 23.22 ± 0.05 | 4.65 ± 0.00 | 198.00 ± 0.00 | |
18 | 0.19 ± 0.00 | 5.55 ± 0.00 | 89.62 ± 0.03 | 2.66 ± 0.00 | 38.00 ± 0.05 | 15.33 ± 0.03 | 4.45 ± 0.00 | 186.00 ± 0.02 | |
24 | 0.20 ± 0.00 | 4.32 ± 0.00 | 91.92 ± 0.02 | 2.05 ± 0.00 | 40.99 ± 0.00 | 14.25 ± 0.00 | 4.12 ± 0.00 | 178.67 ± 0.01 | |
30 | 0.21 ± 0.00 | 3.22 ± 0.00 | 93.98 ± 0.00 | 1.67 ± 0.00 | 42.73 ± 0.00 | 13.11 ± 0.01 | 3.94 ± 0.00 | 171.00 ± 0.03 | |
36 | 0.22 ± 0.00 | 2.88 ± 0.01 | 94.61 ± 0.00 | 1.40 ± 0.03 | 44.88 ± 0.00 | 13.05 ± 0.02 | 3.85 ± 0.00 | 164.67 ± 0.02 | |
42 | 0.24 ± 0.00 | 2.44 ± 0.00 | 95.43 ± 0.01 | 1.21 ± 0.02 | 47.00 ± 0.00 | 13.00 ± 0.03 | 3.75 ± 0.00 | 155.00 ± 0.03 | |
48 | 0.28 ± 0.00 | 1.56 ± 0.00 | 97.08 ± 0.00 | 1.08 ± 0.03 | 55.86 ± 0.02 | 12.04 ± 0.00 | 3.65 ± 0.01 | 146.00 ± 0.02 | |
54 | 0.26 ± 0.00 | 1.56 ± 0.01 | 97.08 ± 0.04 | 0.96 ± 0.03 | 51.27 ± 0.00 | 10.33 ± 0.00 | 3.65 ± 0.00 | 132.00 ± 0.01 | |
60 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 0.22 ± 0.00 | 99.59 ± 0.03 | 0.89 ± 0.01 | 50.49 ± 0.00 | 8.34 ± 0.02 | 3.65 ± 0.00 | 108.33 ± 0.04 | |
66 | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 0.19 ± 0.00 | 99.64 ± 0.02 | 0.81 ± 0.01 | 47.00 ± 0.05 | 8.26 ± 0.01 | 3.65 ± 0.00 | 81.00 ± 0.00 | |
72 | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.00 | 99.74 ± 0.04 | 0.74 ± 0.01 | 37.81 ± 0.05 | 8.33 ± 0.03 | 3.65 ± 0.00 | 0.50 ± 0.00 |